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PostPosted: Sun Feb 10, 2019 6:20 pm 
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Hello Gents! :wave_1:

Hope you're doing well.

Concurrent with my galley builds, I wanted to share another project I'm hard at work on. This is the Mary Rose, one of the best known and most famous of all Renaissance warships.

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:cool_2:

Fate is a capricious mistress. We would like, ideally for the most significant ships of any particular era to be duly sunk in such a way that preserves them perfectly for posterity. Instead, the ships we discover as wrecks are a random assortment of every conceivable type, most often in a terrible state of preservation. When someone says 'we have discovered a Spanish galleon,' what they mean is they have discovered a pile of bottles, cannons, bullion and a few worm-eaten planks mostly buried on the sea floor, that they have determined is all that remains of a particular Spanish galleon. Archaeologists rarely get the most desirable sort of ships in the most desirable state of preservation.
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But the Mary Rose is, in every respect, an exception, one of those ships that Marine Archaeologists would vote to have if they had their choice. She was a front-line ship, an innovative design, one of the best handling vessels of her type, and, in all respects, a powerful and significant warship of her era. And what era was that? The Tudor Era of Henry VIII, the decades that saw the establishment of the Navy Royale, the direct predecessor of the Royal Navy. The battles fought by the Navy Royale were mostly inconclusive, but in terms of ship design, England was leading the world. The men who built the Mary Rose were among the very best naval architects in the world at that time, and upon completion this ship was a state-of-the-art representation of marine military technology.

And this was no accident. From the moment he ascended to the throne of England, Henry Tudor was intent on foreign wars that would bring him wealth and glory. He also understood clearly that the defense of England depended, above all, on her navy. Henry VIII didn't just order ships to be built. He invested heavily in infrastructure, logistics, and dockside support. Prior to Henry VIII England did not have a significant gun-foundry industry. Carracks like the Regent of Henry VII were armed with foreign made cannons purchased for England. Henry VIII changed all of that, bringing expert weapon makers from the continent to England, forming the basis of a native English heavy cannon industry that would remain vital to English and British interests right through the Dreadnought Era.

The Mary Rose belonged to the last generation of Carracks, the Medieval warship type par-excellence. She also belonged to the first generation of vessels that fired cannons through specially designed gun-ports in her side. As such she stands as a transitional type, a missing link between Medieval Sea Warfare and the Age of the Renaissance Galleon, the type that would be perfected by the sons of the men who designed and built the Mary Rose.

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PostPosted: Sun Feb 10, 2019 11:35 pm 
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I think most of the guys here know the history of this ship, so I will go directly to the build. Some of you are aware that I got a heavy dose of 'Carrack Fever' from 2010 to 2012 or so. During that time I scratch-built several carracks, all conjectural:

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This was my first carrack and my first scratch built ship. I was just getting my feet wet with original subjects, and knew very little about carracks at this point. I called her the 'Beja.' As a representation of a genuine 16th Century Portuguese carrack she has a lot of errors, but I had huge fun building her and learning about the subject.

I had competed successfully in model contests before, and decided to enter the Beja in IPMS competition in 2011. To my great disappointment, she did not place. In fact, I had made several critical errors with this build that cost me in competition.

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My next carrack was another conjectural build, which I named the 'Fora.' This build incorporated much improved accuracy and historical information. I also made sure my modeling was up to snuff with this one. As a result, she took best in her category at the 2011 IPMS nationals, a resounding vindication for me at the time.

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These are two shots of the same build, based on the famous 'Willem Kraek' contemporary illustration of a Northern European Carrack. Although this build is not done, it was probably my best effort at a carrack, the most accurate, since the Willem Kraek Carrack is considered by most historians to be an actual ship. I plan on finishing her concurrently with the Mary Rose this year.

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Other historical ship efforts included a still unfinished Solferino French Ironclad, which I also hope to finish this year.

For good measure, i'll include the remaining incomplete carrack builds in my collection, all generalized and conjectural:

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So, I had some experience building carracks, and had spent the better part of two years familiarizing myself with the nature of their hulls, decks, superstructure, armament, and rigging. But the Mary Rose was a special ship for me. I'd known about her since childhood, and I even composed a piece of music in her honor in 2011, a fantasy for Violin and Orchestra, which was premiered by a local symphony in my area. So, naturally, I was keen to model the Mary Rose.

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PostPosted: Sun Feb 10, 2019 11:47 pm 
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Ok! Here we go with the build! I began this model in 2010,

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but set aside the base plate almost immediately in the rush to progress on the other builds I've shown you. I began the build in earnest only two months ago, in December.

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I think you can see how the styrene had yellowed in the interval.

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PostPosted: Sun Feb 10, 2019 11:59 pm 
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Adding the bulwarks before the decking caused some unnecessary complications, as you can see in the previous post, but eventually I was able to build a deck piece that matched the curves of the hull.

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Aside from my first scratch-built carrack, the Beja, all of my succeeding builds had been based on the same two resin-cast hulls, which were made from originals of my own devising and cast in the resin studio of my friend and colleague Rusty White. But, truth be told, I don't like solid hulls. I like being able to see into the interior of a ship. So, for this build, I decided I would create a gun deck below the main deck, and then do everything I could to open it up and show the interior. In the event this will be limited to open centerline deck hatches, and a very tiny amount of space through the gunports, but I think this is an important feature. The human eye is hard to fool, it knows when it is looking at something solid, and when it is looking at something hollow.
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So here, you can see the deck I've worked on up to this point is actually the gun deck. The true weather deck will be, well...one deck above.
:big_grin:

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I worked very hard to create a deck piece that matched the lovely sheer of the lower gun deck. In the event it did tend to flatten out a bit, but was flexible and easily conformed to the upper surface of the lower hull bulwarks in dry fitting tests.

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Here's a shot that shows how the stern tumblehome progresses between the lower hull piece and the weather deck piece.

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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 12:05 am 
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Beginning the forecastle effort.
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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 12:16 am 
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The big question in all of this is: what did the Mary Rose actually look like? Early modern illustration/reconstructions of the Mary Rose's appearance differed greatly from the near-contemporary depiction in the Anthony Roll. However, as time has gone on and scholarship accumulated, the consensus seems to have hewed closer to the Anthony depiction. I decided for my build that I would hew as close as I can to the Anthony Roll illustration in overall shape and appearance, while incorporating the obvious imperatives of ship functionality, realistic rigging, and what we know from the wreck of the ship herself. In other words, the Anthony Roll illustration (see the first image in the first post) is the prototype for the over all style and shape I want to depict, but is obviously not a guide for important functional details like rigging, armament and fittings.

To this end, I wanted the forecastle to closely match the depiction on the roll. So, we're looking at a triangular structure, with a stepped upper deck that looks very much like a pilot house, but definitely is not.

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At this point our forecastle effort looks oddly like the head of one of those Japanese Anime robots...
:heh:

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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 12:24 am 
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Like the forecastle, the after castle will have two decks. This is the lower one.
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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 12:32 am 
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Now for a very characteristic detail: the Cubbridge Arch. This structure is present in the Anthony depiction of the Mary Rose, and in many many depictions of contemporary Carracks. The cubbridge arch stands astride the weather deck directly beneath the aft edge of the forecastle. I believe its purpose was to support the weight of the forecastle, and transfer that weight to the hull sides and frames/futtocks, while also giving access for the crew to the foremost part of the bow area. This structure was needed, as the weight of the forecastle was likely considerable. Very likely the windlass was located inside the partially enclosed area created by the cubbridge arch.
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For the transverse planking of the cubbridge arch, I used square rod 0.01 styrene from Plastruct, as Evergreen does not make a rod this small.

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Cubbridge arch installed.

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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 12:46 am 
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Adding some height to the bow. I realized, in pondering the angle of the forecastle that the Anthony Roll depicts a significant sheer to the angle of this structure. In considering the realism of this, I realized such a sheer would be very useful, as it would add height to the forward edge of the forecastle, facilitating its placement over the waist of an enemy carrack. This is the goal of carrack tactics, to place the forecastle over the waist of one's enemy. The forecastle then functions as a bridgehead for the invasion of the enemy ship, essentially land-based siege tactics adapted for sea warfare. Since this made the sheer of the forecastle a reasonable feature, I decided to adjust the model accordingly.

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Further widening the foundation of the forecastle, to better match the Anthony depiction. This feature, a sort of large moulding round the base of the triangular forecastle structure, also has a practical explanation, as such a feature would make it more difficult for enemy soldiers to grapple and scale the face of the Mary Rose's forecastle.

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Beginning work on the figurehead. Many of the specific component terms of a sailing warship actually date to the time of the Carracks. 'Gunwale' today means the uppermost edge of a wooden hull, but the uppermost wale in a Late Medieval carrack was actually the most logical placement for cannons prior to the invention of the gunport. The forecastle (today pronounced 'foc'sle') was, in the era of the carracks an actual castle-like structure. And the figurehead was actually a monstrous head mounted on the end of a projecting timber. This head, though not strictly utilitarian, would have been the first part of the attacking carrack to converge on the waist of a defending carrack. The soldiers there attempting to fire at the attacking carrack would have seen this gargoyle-like head thrusting towards them as their enemy drew close. It must have been a fairly alarming sight.

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Shaping the gargoyle-like figurehead.

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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 12:56 am 
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This was new territory for me. An interesting task, trying to carve a tiny gargoyle head. In reality this part would have been about three feet across, not including the horns/ears.

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At this point, I thought I'd enlist the help of a 1/700th Scale PE figure from my stock to help me gauge the scale and size of the various decks and components. I countersunk this figure into a piece of plastic, so the white base you see there does not, in fact, add to his height. In scale terms he's about 5ft 6". I call him 'Brass Bob.'
:thumbs_up_1:

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Brass Bob examining the headroom of the forecastle lower deck. He's a tight fit, but this is characteristic for ships of this era.

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Coamings for deck hatches...

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Building up the Transom.

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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 10:51 am 
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Stern chase-gun ports.
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My intent with this build is to make the most of the interior spaces of the hull. I plan on showing the ship with her hatches open, so that one may be able to see down into the various decks of the ship. Even if the view is not extensive, the sense of 'interiority' will, I think, add to the appeal of the model. Here you can see my efforts to make sure the hatch coamings of the after-castle line up reasonably well.

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Checking the transom shape as it is developing. Since we're dealing with three separate pieces here, I need to continually verify the way they are going to line up. Tudor Carracks had a very distinctive sort of transom stern, flat all the way to the waterline, with a gradual tumble-home, and a slight overhang. The back ends of the various pieces have not yet been faced, but they need to come together well.

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Hatch coamings faced for both the lower hull and the main deck piece. Really adds to the look of the parts.

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Adjusting the sheer of the forecastle upwards has created a problem. The final half-deck has a forward-facing bulkhead that was once vertical, but now inclines backwards slightly. Ideally this bulkhead should be vertical, making the angle where it meets the deck less than 90º. So, this will need to be adjusted.

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Now we've got the right angle. Incidentally, this matches well the style of forecastles seen in the Anthony Roll, as well as other contemporary illustrations.

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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 11:02 am 
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Note how the back edge of the various decks and parts of the forecastle do not conform to the curve of the cubbridge arch. In the Anthony Roll the back face of the forecastle has a distinctive concave shape. Some trimming is required.

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I think this is much improved. The lower edge of the forecastle now conforms to the curve of the cubbridge arch.
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Dry-Fit of the various components so far.

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Alignment of the hatch coamings at the waist. The shape of these hatches has to be carefully considered. If they are too wide laterally, there will not be enough space for the cannons and their recoil.

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Brass Bob weighing in on scale. This was not a small ship.

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Bowsprit time!

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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 11:15 am 
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At this point, I realized that my zeal to create as many hatches as possible in order to show the interior of the ship had caused me a major problem. Can you see it?
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I had thought 'the foreward part of the after-castle would be a great place to site the mainmast!' Without checking to see whether that was the case. In fact, it appears that nearly all carracks of all nations had their mainmast close to but forward of the front edge of the after castle. And I had made a hatch coaming right smack where the mainmast needed to be... :heh:

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Now we have a proper site for a mainmast on the main deck. In fact, with the extra backing on the new piece, it's stronger than before. Cosmetically it's not perfect, but the seams will likely not be noticeable on the completed model with all of the detail that will be in place in this area.

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As for the gundeck, it's not necessary to do any drastic surgery, simply filling in the coaming is sufficient, since this part of the deck will not be seen.

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Checking the size of the build with the case I have picked out for her. The bowsprit makes for a tight fit, but I think she'll manage.

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Pondering the issues of the mainmast and after castle, I suddenly had the horrible thought that the shroud/ratline parts would chafe against the aftercastle sides. Yikes! :heh: That's the sort of thing that can ruin a whole build, and, if I don't check and correct now, it may be too late to save the build after painting and construction. This PE is by Ocean Spirit, it matches almost exactly the shroud set that used to be offered by Battlefleet Models, but I haven't been able to find Battlefleet Models for some time. I think they may be defunct.

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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 11:25 am 
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In order to check the placement of the shrouds on the main mast, it's necessary to dry fit the mainmast at this time.

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Looks ok. And the channels will add to the angle of the shrouds. Whew! Disaster averted!
:thumbs_up_1:

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Time to plank the hull! :woo_hoo:

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Many aspects of the Mary Rose's structure and appearance are necessarily conjectural. The placement of the gunports is _not_. I didn't realize this until after I had begun carving them. I knew that the roughed-out gunports could be regularized by the planking pieces during detailing, but the planks also can work to cover up one's errors. :thumbs_up_1:

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The offending gunport is gone!
:cool_1:

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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 11:32 am 
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The gunwales at the waist are actually too high.
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Also, they could be thinner. Lots of corrections going on with this build! Good thing I'm scratch-building. :big_grin:
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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 11:35 am 
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Location: Ludwigsburg/Germany
:cool_1: :cool_1: :cool_1:

Louvit!!!

XXXDAn

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See also our german forum for the age of Sail and History:
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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 11:38 am 
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My buddy Tom Lindsay over on Facebook told me he thought the figurehead was too long. I decided he was right.
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Note my little jig to help with spacing for the gunwale vertical elements.
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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 11:41 am 
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'Family shot' with the Phoenician Galley (check out that build on my thread 'Galley Alley') Also Brass Bob and the penny for scale. This is very much a Work In Progress. I am focusing on completing the galleys this week, but I hope to have the Mary Rose completed in March. Stay tuned! More coming!
:wave_1:

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PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2019 5:00 pm 
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Nice work. And I'm taking not of 'Bob' for my next victorian cruiser builds.


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PostPosted: Tue Feb 12, 2019 3:11 pm 
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dafi wrote:
:cool_1: :cool_1: :cool_1:

Louvit!!!

XXXDAn


Thank you!
:thumbs_up_1:

Pieter wrote:
Nice work. And I'm taking not of 'Bob' for my next victorian cruiser builds.


Oh goodness Pieter. Are we talking Victorian Ironclads? I'd kidnap the Queen's Corgis to get ahold of some of those plans. :cool_2: Feel free to share a link with me if you're actively blogging anything Victorian.

Happy Modeling!

:wave_1:

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