Dear ar,
Your trenchant posts of
Sat Oct 25, 2008 1:15 pm.
“The boxes are NOT boxes but frames the the fixed maneuvering lights. See second, and lower set positioned on the mast at the height of the rangefinder.”
And 1.59pm
“NOT NAVIGATION LIGHTS. They are fixed MANEUVERING lights.”
left me puzzled. Every source I have consulted since agrees with my original suggestion that these are navigation lights and furthermore that the term maneuvering lights is an Americanism and a term that would have been unknown to the RN in WW2. Do you have any source that supports your assertion?
At the time of WWII, the 1910 version of the International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisons at Sea (COLREGS) was still in force. The 1910 Regulations contained no mention of manoeuvering lights (and nor do the 1948 ones for that matter). Internationally recognised ships manoeuvering signals until 1965 were solely based on sound signals (ship’s whistle/fog-horn etc).
Light signals to indicate manoeuvers were first suggested by the Americans in 1948 to the International Safety of Life at Sea Conference. They proposed an amber light to flash in synchronism with the already established whistle signals (1 short blast to indicate an alteration of course to starboard, 2 short blasts to indicate an alteration of course to port, and three short blasts to indicate that the engines have been put astern.) based on light manoeuvering signals developed on US inland waterways. Their suggestion was not adopted.
In 1965 they presented a similar proposal, using a synchronised white light, and this was agreed and adopted in the 1965 version of the COLREGS. This was changed in 1976 to a flashing white light which follows, and which may be repeated, but which does not need to be synchronised with, a whistle signal.
But back to World War 2 - basic Royal Navy lighting and terminology is best summarized in this illustration from a contemporary handbook.
Attachment:
navigation lights 12 (2).jpg [ 18.25 KiB | Viewed 903 times ]
From this, we can positively identify the lower light on the front face of Express’s mast, the one referred to by you as a maneuvering light “positioned on the mast at the height of the rangefinder” as a navigation light – in fact the steaming light which in practice consisted of two lanterns, one oil and one electric.
Higher up near the masthead, on the front face of the mast, is the other light, the one I at first thought was a box of some sort, and which you referred to also as a maneuvering light. COLREGS also made provision for special lights. Special lights (based on day marks – black symbols) were shown at night by vessels involved in activities such as fishing, minesweeping, towing, cable-laying or by those not under command etc. This light on Express is in fact a minesweeping light.
Secondly you suggest that when fitted with the 286 radar, Express had only one yardarm on her foremast. I would not rush to mutilate a model. On some ships the lower (signal) yardarm was more substantial and so more visible in certain lighting/background conditions than the upper (W/T) yardarm. This seems to be the case with Express. Even in one of my posted pictures of her with 291 radar, her upper yardarm is very difficult to see, but we know it is there as it is clear as a bell in others. In the picture you are commenting on when suggesting no upper yardarm, if you look closely you will see a pattern made by the bead-like insulators on the wires, and hints of rigging, from which the existence of a second higher yardarm can be deduced.
Sorry you were not able to be at Telford – I was looking forward to that drink with you!
Best wishes,
Dick