Hmmm, perhaps Garzke & Dulin's Battleships
Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II comes closest; mostly technical with a brief history of the vessels. Whitley and most of Breyer work are mainly pictorials. The (older) Breyer and Koop volumes are nice but slightly technical without being very detailed (tables and more tables).
Of course, you can go French and buy Dumas & Jordan's
French battleships 1922-1956 book. That is
exactly what you are looking for; but then on French warships.

I'd buy and read that one just in case...